Al-hirah

The Arabs were migrating into the Near East from the 9th century BCE. In the 3rd century CE parts of Mesopotamia had a substantial Arab population. Under the Sasanid Empire , northern Mesopotamia was sometimes called Arabistan . The first historical Arab kingdom outside Arabia , Al Hirah (4th-7th centuries), in southern Iraq, was a vassal of the Sassanians , whom it helped in containing the nomadic Arabs to the south. The rulers of al Hirah, identified as Lakhmids , were recognized by Shapur II ( 337 - 358 CE).

Al Hirah was either Christian or strongly influenced by Christianity . The Sassanian emperor Bahram V won the throne with support of Al Mundir prince of al Hirah in 420 . In 542 , Khosrau I of Persia stopped the Byzantine general Belisarius at Callinicum , south of Edessa (southeastern Turkey ), with the help of al Hirah. In 602 , Khosrau II deposed Numan III of al Hirah and annexed his kingdom. Islam overran the Sasanid Empire in the 7th century. There is evidence for a parallel Arab kingdom in today's Syria , called Ghassan and founded under Byzantine auspices. Around 527 , al Hirah and the Ghassanids engaged in a proxy war for their respective imperial suzerains. Some claim that the first Arabic kingdom was founded in Hatra , in northern Iraq.

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Al-hirah

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