| Antônio De Castro Mayer |
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He studied Theology in Rome at the Gregorian University ., There he obtained a doctorate. Before becoming bishop, as a priest of the Sao Paulo diocese, he successively and successfully filled the posts of Professor in the Provincial Seminary of Sao Paulo. He also was Canon of the Cathedral, Parish Priest of the parish of Saint Joseph of Belem, and finally Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Sao Paulo. In 1948 he was appointed and consecrated Coadjutor bishop of Campos, assuming the direction of the diocese one year later. He was very active in combating Liberation Theology and communist infiltration of the church and of his diocese. He was a Traditional Catholic who ignored the reforms of the Second Vatican Council in his diocese. The Pre-1970 Form Of The Mass Liturgy continued throughout the Campos diocese until his resignation in 1981 . Until that moment, the Traditional Latin Mass was celebrated throughout his diocese, along with all the other traditional Catholic practices and devotions, owing to Campos' flourishing faith and piety. He continued this even after resigning as diocesan ordinary in 1981 and after being succeeded by Bishop Navarro. He was able to maintain a completely traditional Roman Catholic ''"diocese"'' within a diocese, with around 40,000 traditionalist faithful, which he organized in parallel chapels. This organisation was called the Priestly Society Of Saint John Mary Vianney . Castro Mayer was declared by the Vatican to be automatically Excommunicated in 1988 for participating in the consecration of four bishops against papal mandate, together with Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre . Initially Castro Mayer was not mentioned in the Holy See 's declaration of Lefebvre's excommunication, confirmed by Pope John Paul II , but he petitioned the Vatican, that, for Lefebvre was declared excommunicated, he too should be declared excommunicated, as he fully adhered to Lefebvre's theological position. He died in 1991 , refusing to sign a so-called ''"formula of reconciliation"'' proposed by Vatican delegates at his death bed. EPISCOPAL SUCCESSION
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