Information About ™Qom |
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The city is one of the holy cities for Shi'a Muslim s, as it is the site of the shrine of ''Hæzræt'' Fatimah Ma'sumah , sister of Imam ˤAlī Ibn-Mūsā Riđā (Persian ''Imam Reza'', 789-816 CE). The city is home to Iran's largest seminary, competing only with Najaf in Iraq . HISTORY Qum as an urban settlement existed in the pre-Islamic ages. Architectural discoveries indicate that Qom was a residential area from the 5th millennium BCE. Pre-Islamic remaining relics and historical texts point to the fact of Qum being a large regional city. ''Kum'' was known to be the name of this ancient city, thus, the incoming 7th century Arabs called it ''Qum'' during the conquests of Iran. During the Caliphate of ˤUmar Ibn Al-Khattāb , the area of Qum fell to the invading Arab armies of Islam . In 645CE, Abu Musa Ash'ari , also dispatched forces under his command to the area. Conflicts resulted between the incoming Arab army and the residents of the area. In Seljuki times, the city flourished as well. During the Mongol invasion of Persia the city witnessed widespread destruction, but after the Mongol ruling dynasty, also known as the Ilkhanate , converted to Islam during the reign of Öljeitü (Persian ''Muhammad Khudabænde''), the city received special attention, thus undergoing a revival once more. In the late 14th century, the city was plundered by Tamerlane and the inhabitants were massacred. But during the periods of rule of the '' Qara Qoyunlu '', '' Aq Qoyunlu '' and especially during the reign of the Safavid s, Qum gained special attention and gradually developed due to its religious shrine. By 1503 CE, Qum became one of the important centers of theology in relation to the Shia Islam, and became a significant religious pilgrimage site and pivot. The city suffered heavy damages again during the Afghan invasions, resulting in consequent severe economic hardships. Qum further sustained damages during the reigns of Nadir Shah and the conflicts between the two households of Zandieh and Qajariyeh in order to gain power over Iran. Finally in 1793CE, Qum came under the control of Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar . On being victorious over his enemies, the Qajar Sultan Fæteh Æli Shah was responsible for the repairs done on the sepulchre and Holy Shrine of Hæzræt Mæ'sume, as he had made such a vow. The city of Qom began an era of prosperity in the Qajar era yet once again. After Russian forces entered Karaj in 1915, many of the inhabitants of Tehran moved to Qum due to reasons of proximity, and the transfer of the capital from Tehran to Qum was even discussed. But the British and Russians defeated prospects of the plan by putting Æhmæd Shah Qajar under political pressure. Coinciding with this period, a "National Defense Committee" was set up in Tehran, and Qum turned into a political and military apex against the Russian and British colonial powers. Many years later, Qom also became the center from which Ayatollah Khomeini based his opposition to the Pahlavi Dynasty while in Iran. For many years, Qom was the home of Ayatollah Khomeini who led Iran during the events that led to the Islamic Revolution in 1979 before permanently leaving for Tehran after the revolution. QUM TODAY .]] Today, Qum is counted as one of the focal centers of the Shi'a both in Iran and around the globe. Its theological center and the Holy Shrine of Hadrat Ma'sumah are prominent features of the provincial capital of Qum province. Another religious site of pilgrimage is outside the city of Qum and is called Jamkaran . Qum's proximity to Tehran has given it an advantage as well. ATTRACTIONS OF QUM Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists 195 sites of historical and cultural significance in Qum. But the more visited sites of Qum are:
UNIVERSITIES IN QUM :# Qum University of Shaikh Mufid :# Islamic Azad University of Qum :# University of Qum :# The Research Institute of Hawzeh va Daneshgah :# Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences, Qum :# Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute :# The Research Institute of Hawzah va Danishgah :# Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences, Qum :# Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute :# Qum University of Medical Sciences :# Fatemieh School of Medical Sciences SEMINARIES OF QUM is where the sister of Imam Reza lies buried, where it is surrounded by dozens of seminaries and religious schools.]] Qom is currently the largest center for Shi'a scholarship in the world. The following seminaries (Hawzahs) are located there:
LISTING OF QOM'S SENIOR RANKING CLERICS . The mosque's Mihrab is kept in Berlin and is dated 1264CE.]] The following is a list of Grand Ayatollahs and the most senior ranking Ayatollahs in or directly related to Qom. Current
Deceased
SISTER CITIES SEE ALSO OTHER EXTERNAL LINKS ABOUT QOM Religiously affiliated
Non-Religiously affiliated
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