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Nicholas II of Russia ( 18 May 1868 - 17 July 1918 ) (in Russian Николай II (Nikolai II)) was the last Emperor of Russia , King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland . He ruled from 1894 until his forced Abdication in 1917 . It is said that Nicholas proved unable to manage a country in political turmoil and command its army in World War I . His rule ended with the Russian Revolution Of 1917 , after which he and his family were executed by Bolshevik s. Nicholas's full name was '''Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov ''' (in Russian Николай Александрович Романов). His official title was '''Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias'''. He is also known both as '''Nicholas the Martyr''' for having been executed without trial and as '''Bloody Nicholas''' for the Tragic Events During His Coronation . FAMILY BACKGROUND AND EARLY LIFE Nicholas was born in Saint Petersburg , the eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and his Empress Maria Fyodorovna (born Princess Dagmar of Denmark). His paternal grandparents were Alexander II Of Russia and his first consort Maria Alexandrovna . His maternal grandparents were Christian IX Of Denmark and Louise Of Hesse-Kassel . Nicholas was seen as too soft by his hard, demanding father who, not anticipating his own premature death, did nothing to prepare his son for the crown. Nicholas fell in love with Princess Alix Of Hesse And By Rhine , a daughter of Louis IV, Grand Duke Of Hesse and Princess Alice Of The United Kingdom . Alice was herself a daughter of Queen Victoria Of The United Kingdom and Prince Albert Of Saxe-Coburg And Gotha . Alexander III did not approve the match, hoping instead for a marriage with a princess of the House Of Orleans , to consummate Russia's newfound alliance with the French Third Republic . Only when Alexander was on his death bed, fearing for the succession of the Romanov dynasty, did he consent to the marriage of Nicholas to the German princess. As Tsarevich, Nicholas did a fair amount of travelling, including a notable trip to the Empire Of Japan , where a Failed Assassination Attempt by a sword-wielding man left him with a scar on his forehead. The quick action of his cousin, Prince George Of Greece , who parried the second blow with his cane, possibly saved his life. The motivations for this attack remain unclear. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE DUMA
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