| Late Cretaceous |
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Late Cretaceous (also called the '''Upper Cretaceous''') refers to the second half of the Cretaceous period, named after the famous white chalk cliffs of southern England, which date from this time. This was a period of great success for Dinosaur s, with many new types appearing and diversifying, such as the Tyrannosaurs , Duck Bills , Ankylosauridae , and Horned Dinosaurs in Asiamerica (Western North America and eastern Asia), and Titanosaurs and Abelisaurs in Gondwana . Bird s become increasingly common and diverse, replacing the Pterosaur s which retreat to increasingly specialised ecological niches. In the seas, Mosasaur s suddenly appear and undergo a spectacular evolutionary radiation. Modern sharks also appear, and giant-penguin-like Plolycotylid pliosaurs (3 meters long) and huge long-necked Elasmosaurs (13 meters long) also diversify. These predators feed on the numerous Teleost fishes, which in turn evolve into new advanced and modern forms ( Neoteleostei ). Near the end of the Cretaceous, flowering plants diversify, and Didelphid Marsupial s and primitive Placental Mammal s were also common. |
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