Information About ™Ian Fleming |
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Commander Ian Lancaster Fleming, RNVR ( May 28 , 1908 – August 12 , 1964 ) was an English Author and Journalist , best remembered for writing the '' James Bond '' series of Novel s as well as the children's story, '' Chitty Chitty Bang Bang ''. BIOGRAPHY Ian Fleming was born in Mayfair , London , to Valentine Fleming , a Member Of British Parliament , and his wife Evelyn St. Croix Fleming (née Rose). Ian was the younger brother of the travel writer Peter Fleming and the older brother of Michael and Richard Fleming. Ian was educated at Eton College and Sandhurst Military Academy . After an early departure from Sandhurst which he found uncongenial, he was sent by his mother to study Language s on the continent, first at Kitzbühel, Austria, at a small private establishment run by the Adlerian disciples, Ernan Forbes Dennis and his American born wife, the novelist Phyllis Bottome , to improve his German and prepare him for the Foreign Office exams then at Munich University, Germany and finally to improve his French at the University Of Geneva in Switzerland . Fleming was unsuccessful at the attempt to join the Foreign Office and subsequently worked as, firstly as a Sub-editor and Journalist for the Reuters news service, including for a time in 1933 in Moscow , Russia and later as a Stockbroker with Rowe and Pitman, in Bishopsgate . World War II In 1939, on the eve of World War II , Rear Admiral John Godfrey, Director of Naval Intelligence of the Royal Navy, recruited Fleming (who at the time held the rank of reserve Subaltern in the Black Watch ) as personal assistant. Initially commissioned as a Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Lieutenant , he was subsequently promoted to Lieutenant Commander , then as Commander . Fleming travelled to Whitby, Ontario to train at Camp X , a top secret training school for Allied forces. While in Naval Intelligence, Fleming conceived, and was author of Operation Ruthless , a plan — left unexecuted — for capturing the German naval version of the Wehrmacht's Enigma Communications Encoder . He also came up with an attempt to use British Occultist Aleister Crowley to trick Rudolph Hess into attempting to contact a faux cell of anti-Churchill Englishmen in Britain. This plan wasn't used, however, as Rudolph Hess had flown to England and parachuted in an attempt to broker peace behind Hitler's back. Anthony Masters's book ''The Man Who Was M: The Life of Charles Henry Maxwell Knight'' asserts Fleming conceived the plan that successfully lured Nazi Party Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess into flying to Scotland — in May 1941, to negotiate Anglo–German peace with Churchill — and consequent captivity; this claim has no other source. Writing career As the DNI's personal assistant, Fleming's intelligence work was the background and experience for writing the James Bond novels. The first Bond novel was '' Casino Royale '', published in 1953. It is believed the woman character, Vesper Lynd, was inspired by real-life SOE agent, Christine Granville ; likewise, various Inspirations For James Bond , the protagonist, have been suggested. Besides writing the twelve Novel s and nine Short Stories featuring James Bond, secret agent 007, Ian Fleming also is known for writing the children's novel, '' Chitty Chitty Bang Bang ''. The James Bond books became wildly successful and part of 1950s popular culture even before being filmed, permitting Fleming to retire comfortably to his home he had in Jamaica , a small cottage he called 'Goldeneye' where he wrote all the Bond novels. It is not known specifically why Fleming chose that name, however, it could have been done so for a number of reasons. The first is that the estate is located in Oracabessa , which is Spanish for 'golden head'. Fleming is also reported to have read Carson McCullers ' novel '' Reflections In A Golden Eye '' around the time he had his house built in Jamaica. More notably, Fleming was in charge of the defence of Gibraltar during the Second World War; the operation dubbed by Fleming, Operation Goldeneye . His 1962 Bond novel, '' The Spy Who Loved Me '' was somewhat of a departure from the other books in the series as he wrote the book in First Person from the point of view of a female protagonist, "Vivienne Michel". Fleming actually gave the fictitious character co-author credit; this predated by 40 years a similar innovation employed by the screenwriter of the film '' Adaptation. '' who similarly gave co-writing credit to one of his characters. In 1961 Fleming sold the film rights to his existing and future James Bond novels and short stories to Harry Saltzman who eventually co-produced with Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli a film based on '' Dr. No '' (1962). Fleming suggested his neighbor, actor Sir Noel Coward to play Dr. Julius No and David Niven for the role of Bond. Some sources make claims and wild speculation to other Fleming favourites such as Roger Moore for the role of Bond and Fleming's cousin Christopher Lee for the role of Dr. No and even Bond himself. Although Lee was not selected for either role, he was later cast as the eponymous villain from '' The Man With The Golden Gun '', Francisco Scaramanga . ''Dr. No'' became a huge hit, and was followed by '' From Russia With Love '' (1963), which would be the last Bond picture Fleming would live to see released. He was seen during the Istanbul Pogrom s, which many Greek and some Turkish scholars blamed Britain 's secret hand behind its orchestration. His account, entitled "The Great Riot of Istanbul", appeared in ''Sunday Times'' on 11 September 1955 . Later life Ian Fleming was also a noted Bibliophile , and put together an important library on the theme of significant books in the history of western civilization, books which had "started something". He particularly collected books relating to science and technology such as '' On The Origin Of Species '', but also included such milestones as '' Mein Kampf '' and '' Scouting For Boys ''. He was a major lender to the 1963 exhibition Printing And The Mind Of Man and 600 books from his collection are now in the Lilly Library at Indiana University . Early on the morning of August 12 , 1964 , Ian Fleming died of a Heart Attack in Canterbury, Kent , at age 56, and is interred in the churchyard cemetery in the village of Sevenhampton , near Swindon , next to his wife Ann Geraldine Mary Fleming ( 1913 – 1981 ) and their only son, Caspar Robert Fleming ( 1952 – 1975 ). Ian's heart attack was most likely the result of his lifestyle of heavy drinking and heavy smoking in addition to the added stress of the '' Thunderball '' court cases of the early 60s in which Fleming was sued by Kevin McClory for adapting a screenplay that was co-written by, most notably, Fleming, McClory, and Jack Whittingham . SELECTED WORKS James Bond novels Notes 1 First U.S. paperback edition was retitled ''You Asked for It''. 2 First U.S. paperback edition was retitled ''Too Hot to Handle''. 3 Short story collection: (i) "From A View to a Kill," (ii) "For Your Eyes Only," (iii) "Risico," (iv) "Quantum of Solace", and (v) "The Hildebrand Rarity." 4 Subject of a legal battle over story credit which led to the book's storyline also being credited to Kevin McClory and Jack Whittingham ; see The Controversy Over ''Thunderball'' 5 Fleming gives co-author credit to "Vivienne Michel", the fictional heroine of the book; Fleming refused to allow a paperback edition to be published in the UK, but one was eventually published after his death. His agreement with Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman only allowed the use of the title for a movie. 6 For years, it has been alleged that Kingsley Amis , and/or others, completed this novel as Fleming died before a finished manuscript was created. Many Fleming biographers dispute this; see The Controversy Over ''The Man With The Golden Gun . 7 Posthumously compiled short story collection. Originally published with two stories: (i) "Octopussy" and (ii) "The Living Daylights". The 1967 paperback edition's title was shortened to ''Octopussy'' and a third story, "The Property of a Lady", increased its page count. In the 1990s, the collection's longer, original title was restored, and with the 2002 edition, the story, "007 in New York" (originally published in some editions of ''Thrilling Cities'' (see below) was added. Children's story
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