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Canterbury is a cathedral city in east Kent in South East England and is the seat of the Archbishop Of Canterbury , the Primate of All England and nominal head of the Anglican Communion . HISTORY Early history There has been a settlement in Canterbury since Prehistoric times. Bronze Age finds, and Neolithic round barrows have been discovered in the area; and before the Roman arrival ''Durovernum'' (Kentic/British ''duro'' "fort", ''verno'' "swamp") was the most important settlement in Kent. Canterbury (known in '' ( Reculver ), '' Dubris '' ( Dover ) and '' Lemanis '' ( Lympne ); and it stood on what has become known as Watling Street . The city walls and one of the city gates remain. The name Canterbury derives from the Old English ''Cantwarebyrig'', meaning "fortress of the men of Kent". The ''bury'' element is a form of ''borough'', which has cognates in words and place names in virtually every Indo-European and Semitic language, as well as others. For a fuller explanation, see under Borough . A Motte And Bailey castle was constructed in Canterbury by the Normans soon after the Norman Conquest , but this was soon replaced by the stone keep of Canterbury Castle which still stands today. Religious significance In . Though St. Gregory had planned the division of England into two archbishoprics, one at London and one at York , St. Augustine's success at Canterbury explains how the southern archiepiscopal see came to be fixed there instead of at London. The first beginnings of the diocese are told by St. Bede (Hist. Eccl., I, xxxiii). ''"When Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, assumed the episcopal throne in that royal city, he recovered therein, by the King's assistance, a church which, as he was told, had been constructed by the original labour of Roman believers. This church he consecrated in the name of the Saviour, our God and Lord Jesus Christ, and there he established an habitation for himself and all his successors".'' The Ancient Diocese of Canterbury was the Mother-Church and Primatial See of All England, from 597 till the death of the last Catholic Archbishop, Cardinal Pole , in 1558 . In the 16th Century the Church Of England split from Rome under Henry VIII. St Augustine's Abbey was destroyed during the Dissolution Of The Monasteries ordered by Henry VIII , although ruins remain. During this time Canterbury became the centre of the new Church of England, although a Catholic shrine remains. At the same time, the ancient religious school was refounded as the King's School. Canterbury Cathedral is the burial place of King Henry IV and of Edward The Black Prince , but is most famous as the scene of the murder of Thomas Becket in 1170 . As a result of this event, Canterbury became a major Pilgrimage site, inspiring Geoffrey Chaucer to write '' The Canterbury Tales '' in 1387 . The Hospital Of St Thomas was a place of lodging for pilgrims in the city. The city is also associated with the family of Thomas More (his head is buried at the church of St. Dunstan's, Canterbury , and his body at St. Peter Ad Vincula at the Tower Of London {Link without Title} ). The city is also the start/finish point for many pilgrimage routes, such as the Via Francigena to Rome , the Pilgrims' Way to Winchester and the route from Southwark taken in The Canterbury Tales . Later history The city became a County Corporate in 1461 . French . During World War II the city was severely damaged by bombing after it was selected as one of the cities in England to be targeted by the Luftwaffe in the Baedeker Blitz . In 1944 the city was celebrated by Film Director s Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger in their film A Canterbury Tale . Post-war large scale redevelopment of the city centre started quickly with the rebuilding of much of the bomb damaged east of the city, including what is now the Whitefriar's development. The ring-road was constructed some time after in stages to aleviate growing traffic problems in the city centre, which was then pedestrianised. Canterbury today is a major city for Tourism with Canterbury Cathedral alone attracting 1.2 million visitors in 2001 . It still contains many ancient buildings and modern building development within the medieval town centre is strictly regulated. During 2004-5 the Whitefriars area of the city underwent major redevelopment and the associated archeological research was called the "Big Dig". Canterbury now has a much larger shopping attraction due to the Whitefriars development, many of the shops have undergone major redevelopment, as has the city's bus station. Locally, however, the development has come under increasing attack due to a number of empty buildings in other parts of the town, due to shop movement and the closure of several local shops due to competition. DEMOGRAPHICS
GOVERNMENT District, in Kent ]] The Local Government District City Of Canterbury covers an area some 13 times larger than the city of Canterbury itself, and includes Herne Bay and Whitstable . The city contains the district wards of Barton, Northgate, St Stephens, Westgate and Wincheap, plus part of the University Of Kent (which straddles the city boundary) in the otherwise rural Blean Forest ward. Since October 7 , 2004 the 5 wards entirely within the city have been represented by 9 Liberal Democrat , 3 Conservative and 2 Labour councillors, out of the total 50 members of the district council. The south-western end of Canterbury comprises the Parish of 'Thanington Without', the rest of the city is unparished. The Parliamentary Constituency of Canterbury is represented in Parliament by the Conservative MP Julian Brazier , the Shadow Transport Minister. Canterbury itself is Twinned with Reims in France, while the district participates in the Sister Cities programme with links to Bloomington-Normal , Illinois, USA, Vladimir, Russia , and Esztergom , Hungary . TRANSPORT , 1993]] Railway Canterbury has two Railway Stations , Canterbury West and Canterbury East . The services from these are operated by Southeastern . Canterbury West is served primarily from London Charing Cross with limited services from Victoria as well as by trains to Ramsgate and Margate . Canterbury East is on the service from London Victoria (journey time around 88 minutes) to Dover . Canterbury West station was the earliest to be built. It was opened by the South Eastern Railway from Ashford on 6 February 1846 ; on 13 April the line to Ramsgate was completed. Canterbury East is the more central of the two stations, although it came later, being opened by the London, Chatham And Dover Railway on 9 July 1860 . Canterbury was also the terminus of the Canterbury And Whitstable Railway which was a pioneer line, opened in 1830, and finally closed in 1953. It included the first significant railway tunnel in the world, which is located at the Archbishop's School .It was the first regular passenger steam railway. The locomotive which originally worked the line, ''Invicta'', is displayed at the Museum. Road Canterbury is by-passed by the main A2 London to Dover Road. It is about 45 miles from the M25 London orbital motorway, and 61 miles from central London . The other main road through Canterbury is the A28 from Ashford to Ramsgate and Margate. The hourly National Express coach service to and from Victoria Coach Station , which leaves from the main Bus Station is typically scheduled to take 110 minutes. EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS The city has many students as it is home to several Higher Education institutions and other colleges. The . There is also the Further Education institution, Canterbury College . There was also the St Augustine's College, Canterbury (1848-1976), a Church Of England Theological College . Independent secondary schools include St Edmund's School , Kent College , and what may be the world's oldest extant school The King's School . State secondary schools include Archbishop's School , Barton Court Grammar School , Chaucer Technology School , Simon Langton Grammar School For Boys , Simon Langton Grammar School For Girls and St Anselm's Catholic School . SUNDRY INFORMATION The city gave its name to a musical genre known as the Canterbury Sound or Canterbury Scene (a subgenre of Progressive Rock ). The homeless charity the Scrine Foundation is based in Canterbury. Some of Canterbury's famous offspring include: Christopher Marlowe , Michael Powell , Sir Freddie Laker , Orlando Bloom and Rupert Bear . Canterbury has three , St Augustine's Abbey and St. Martin's . EXTERNAL LINKS
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