As-salih Ayyub

In 1221 he became a hostage at the end of the Fifth Crusade , while John Of Brienne became a hostage of as-Salih's father Al-Kamil , until Damietta was reconstructed and restored to Egypt. In 1232 he was given Hisn Khayfa in The Jazirah (northern Iraq ), which his father had captured from the Ortoqids . In 1234 his father sent him to rule Damascus , removing him from the succession in Egypt after suspecting him of conspiring against him with the Mamluk s. His uncle As-Salih Ismail soon expelled him from Damascus, and he fled to the Jazirah, where he allied with the Khwarezmia ns.

In 1238 al-Kamil died and was succeeded by his son Al-Adil Abu Bakr , as-Salih's brother; by 1240 as-Salih had overthrown him and taken control of Egypt. In 1244 the Khwarezmians sacked Jerusalem , which had been handed over to Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor by al-Kamil during the Sixth Crusade . Later that year as-Salih and the Khwarezmians defeated as-Salih's uncle in Syria , who had allied with the Crusade r Kingdom Of Jerusalem , at the Battle Of La Forbie . In 1245 as-Salih captured Damascus , and was awarded the title of Sultan by the Caliph Al-Musta'sim in Baghdad . The next year the combined forces of the Ayyubids defeated the unruly Khwarezmians, who no longer recognized as-Salih as their lord.

In 1249 Louis IX Of France invaded Egypt on the Seventh Crusade , and occupied Damietta . As-Salih was away fighting his uncle in Syria, but quickly returned and encamped at Al-Mansourah , where he died of disease in November. As-Salih's heir, Al-Muazzam Turanshah , was far away in the Jezirah, and his widow, Shajar Al-Durr , hid his death until Turanshah arrived. Nevertheless, the Mamluk s, whom as-Salih had mostly recruited from the Kipchak Turks , gained power in Egypt, and were ultimately responsible for defeating the crusade. Their dynasty, the Bahri Dynasty , were named after their barracks on an island in the Nile (''Bahr al-Nil''). The Bahriyya were also called Salihiyya, after as-Salih. The Mamluks did not control Syria, however, and as-Salih was the last Ayyubid to rule a united territory.

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As-salih Ayyub

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