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18th century
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is a Common Year Starting On Friday (link will take you to calendar).
- March 17 - Through a newspaper, the Prussian King Frederick William III Of Prussia calls for resistance against the Napoleonic Occupation
- - United States troops raid, destroy, but do not hold the capital of Ontario , York (present day Toronto, Ontario ).
- May 2 - Napoleon wins the Battle Of Lützen
- May 20 - May 21 - Napoleon wins the Battle Of Bautzen
- , United States forces capture Fort George .
- - A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeat an American force three times its size under William Winder and John Chandler .
- - A British, Spanish, and Portuguese force of 78000 with 96 guns under Wellington defeats a French force of 58000 with 153 guns under Joseph Bonaparte to end the Peninsular War.
- raids on Fort Schlosser , Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin.
- August 19 - Gervasio Antonio De Posadas joins Argentina's second triumvirate.
- August 26 - August 27 - Napoleon wins the Battle Of Dresden
- August 29 - August 30 - Napoleon 's troops defeated at Kulm
- September - Robert Southey becomes Poet Laureate of Britain
- defeats a British fleet in the Battle Of Lake Erie
- defeats the British at the Battle Of The Thames , killing native leader Tecumseh
- October 14 - After a ceremony in Caracas , Venezuela , the municipality gives Simón Bolívar the title of '' El Libertador ''.
- October 16 - October 19 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle Of Leipzig
- October 24 - November 5 - Persia and Russia sign the Gulistan Treaty of 1813 at the end of the first Russo-Persian Wars (1804-1813) by which Persia ( Iran ) loses all its territories to the north of Aras River to the Russians.
- defeats an American invasion at the Battle Of Chateauguay
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- November 21 - An independent government is restored in the Netherlands .
- soldiers burn Buffalo, New York
- Russia n troops reach and take Berlin without a fight after the French garrison evacuated the city.
- Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking ''Trait des poisons'', formalizing the field of Toxicology .
- George Hamilton-Gordon serves as ambassador extraordinaire in Vienna .
- Following the death of his father Wossen Seged , Sahle Selassie arrives at the capital Qundi before his other brothers, and is made Meridazmach of Shewa .
- The Philomathean Society of the University Of Pennsylvania is founded. It is the oldest continuously-existing literary society in the United States.
- January 19 - Sir Henry Bessemer , English inventor (d. 1898 )
- January 21 - John C. Frémont , American soldier and explorer (d. 1890 )
- January 26 - Juan Pablo Duarte , Founder of the Dominican Republic (d. 1876 )
- February 11 - Otto Ludwig , German writer (d. 1865 )
- March 18 - Christian Friedrich Hebbel , German poet and playwright (d. 1863 )
- March 19 - David Livingstone , English missionary and explorer (d. 1873 )
- March 21 - James Strang , Mormon splinter group leader (d. 1856 )
- March 27 - Nathaniel Currier , American illustrator (d. 1888 )
- April 23 - Stephen A. Douglas , U.S. Senator from Illinois and Presidential candidate (d. 1861 )
- May 5 - Soren Kierkegaard , Danish philosopher (d. 1855 )
- May 21 - Robert Murray M'Cheyne , Scottish clergyman (d. 1843 )
- May 22 - Richard Wagner , German composer (d. 1883 )
- June 24 - Henry Ward Beecher , American clergyman and reformer (d. 1887 )
- July 19 - Samuel M. Kier , American industrialist (d. 1874 )
- October 10 - Giuseppe Verdi , Italian composer (d. 1901 )
- October 17 - Georg Büchner , German playwright (d. 1837 )
- December 13 - David Spangler Kaufman , U.S. Congressman from Texas (d. 1851 )
- December 19 - Thomas Andrews , Irish chemist (d. 1885 )
- Abbas I , Pasha of Egypt (d. 1854 )
- John Miley , American Methodist theologian (d. 1895 )
- January 6 - Louis Baraguey D'Hilliers , French general (b. 1764 )
- January 20 - Christoph Martin Wieland , German writer (b. 1733 )
- February 13 - Samuel Ashe , Governor of North Carolina (b. 1725 )
- February 26 - Robert Linvingston , American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1746 )
- April 10 - Joseph Louis Lagrange , Italian mathematician (b. 1746 )
- April 27 - Zebulon Pike , American general (b. 1779 )
- April 28 - Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov , Russian field marshal (b. 1745 )
- May 1 - Jean-Baptiste Bessières , French marshal (killed in combat) (b. 1768 )
- May 23 - Geraud Duroc , French general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1772 )
- June 6 - Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart , French architect (b. 1739 )
- June 17 - Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham , English sailor and politician (b. 1726 )
- June 28 - Gerhard Von Scharnhorst , Prussian general (b. 1755 )
- July 29 - Jean-Andoche Junot , French general (suicide) (b. 1771 )
- August 11 - Henry James Pye , English poet (b. 1745 )
- August 23 - Alexander Wilson , Scottish-born ornithologist (b. 1766 )
- September 2 - Jean Victor Marie Moreau , French general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1763 )
- October 5 - Tecumseh , Shawnee leader
- October 19 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski , Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763 )
- November 12 - Jean De Crévecoeur , French-American writer (b. 1735 )
- December 24 - Empress Go-Sakuramachi Of Japan (b. 1740 )
- Wossen Seged , Meridazmach of Shewa (murdered)
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